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Memento Publications

2025

Conference Memento HYPNOS NEON
CHaOS: A Persistent Lightweight Cache Hybridization-aware OS

Nils Wilbert, Matthias Szymanski, Stefan Wildermann, Henriette Herzog, Timo Hönig, Jürgen TeichProceedings of the 38th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS '25)Springer Nature Switzerland2025.
10.1007/978-3-032-03281-2_5 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Wilbert:2025,
author = {Wilbert, Nils and Szymanski, Matthias and Wildermann, Stefan and Herzog, Henriette and Hönig, Timo and Teich, Jürgen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems ({ARCS '25})},
date = {2025-10-23},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-03281-2_5},
editor = {Tomforde, Sven and Krupitzer, Christian and Vialle, Stéphane and Suarez, Estela and Pionteck, Thilo},
entrysubtype = {Conference},
eventdate = {2025-04-22},
number = {15839},
publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {CHaOS: A Persistent Lightweight Cache Hybridization-aware OS},
venue = {Kiel, Germany},
}

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Workshop Memento NEON A
Spork: A posix_spawn you can use as a fork

Manuel Vögele, Christopher Thomas, Timo HönigProceedings of the 20th ACM/SIGOPS Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS'25)Assocition for Computing Machinery2025.
10.1145/3713082.3730396 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Voegele:2025,
author = {Vögele, Manuel and Thomas, Christopher and Hönig, Timo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th ACM/SIGOPS Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS'25)},
date = {2025},
doi = {10.1145/3713082.3730396},
entrysubtype = {Workshop},
isbn = {9798400714757},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
pages = {96–102},
publisher = {Assocition for Computing Machinery},
series = {HotOS '25},
title = {Spork: A posix\_spawn you can use as a fork},
venue = {Banff, AB, Canada},
}

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Conference Memento NEON A
Systematic Analysis of Kernel Security Performance and Energy Costs

Fabian Rauscher, Benedict Herzog, Timo Hönig, Daniel GrussProceedings of the 20th Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (AsiaCCS'25)Association for Computing Machinery2025.
10.1145/3708821.3736197 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Rauscher:2025,
author = {Rauscher, Fabian and Herzog, Benedict and Hönig, Timo and Gruss, Daniel},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (AsiaCCS'25)},
date = {2025-08-24},
doi = {10.1145/3708821.3736197},
entrysubtype = {Conference},
isbn = {9798400714108},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
pages = {1676–1689},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {ASIA CCS '25},
title = {Systematic Analysis of Kernel Security Performance and Energy Costs},
}

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Memento PAVE NEON
Where are the Joules? Energy Demand Analysis of Heterogeneous Memory Technologies

Thomas Preisner, Dustin Tien Nguyen, Manuel Vögele, Matthias Szymanski, Timo Hönig, Rüdiger Kapitza, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatProceedings of the 4th Workshop on Heterogeneous Composable and Disaggregated SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2025.
10.1145/3723851.3723857 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Preisner:2025,
abstract = {New heterogeneous memory architectures are emerging with the increasing availability of different memory technologies. The growing number of byte-addressable memory technologies (e.g., {NVRAM} and {CXL}) make the selection of components for concrete systems increasingly difficult, as each memory technology has specific advantages and disadvantages. Currently, decisions are made based on a variety of performance measurements and recommendations with respective implementation guidelines. However, traditional performance metrics often overlook the unique energy-demand dynamics of each specific memory technology, especially with diverse memory access patterns and workloads.This paper highlights the importance of memory utilization with different technologies and their environmental impact (i.e., energy demand). To this end, we present {meBench} – a benchmark generator that systematically quantifies the (non-uniform) energy demand of different memory types. We reveal the relevance of the generated results by contrasting them with the assumptions made in previous research on carbon-aware memory allocation.},
author = {Preisner, Thomas and Nguyen, Dustin Tien and Vögele, Manuel and Szymanski, Matthias and Hönig, Timo and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Heterogeneous Composable and Disaggregated Systems},
date = {2025-04-19},
doi = {10.1145/3723851.3723857},
isbn = {9798400714702},
location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
pages = {60–66},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {{HCDS} '25},
shorttitle = {Where are the Joules?},
title = {Where are the Joules? Energy Demand Analysis of Heterogeneous Memory Technologies},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3723851.3723857},
venue = {Rotterdam, Netherlands},
}

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2024

Memento NEON
Carbon-Aware Memory Placement

Sven Köhler, Benedict Herzog, Henriette Herzog, Manuel Vögele, Lukas Wenzel, Andreas Polze, Timo HönigSIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review4.32024.
10.1145/3698365.3698372 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@article{Koehler:2024,
abstract = {The carbon footprint of software activities is determined by embodied and operational emissions of hardware resources. This paper presents {cMemento}, a concept that enables operating systems to make carbon-aware memory placement decisions.Main memory has become heterogeneous in today's computer systems. In addition to traditional (and volatile) main memory (e.g. {DRAM}), novel memory technologies with persistent properties are often also available (e.g. {PRAM}, {FRAM}, {MRAM}). Complementary, there are a large number of new memory interfaces (e.g. high-bandwidth, graphics, and low-power memory) that have to be additionally taken into account by the operating system when allocating memory. The availability of new memory technologies and interfaces enables systems with improved energy efficiency. At the same time, the new memory interfaces have revealed serious flaws in the current state-of-the-art memory abstractions in operating systems. Hence, moving away from the homogeneous perspective of memory resources is a crucial step towards significantly reducing the energy consumption and, ultimately, the carbon footprint of today's computer systems.With {cMemento}, we propose an approach that combines information on characteristics of (i) active workloads and (ii) available memory resources with a carbon model. {cMemento} transforms the combined information into memory placement decisions at operating system level. The placement decisions that are made result in improved operating conditions (i.e. better energy efficiency and lower carbon footprint) for the available memory resources.},
author = {Köhler, Sven and Herzog, Benedict and Herzog, Henriette and Vögele, Manuel and Wenzel, Lukas and Polze, Andreas and Hönig, Timo},
date = {2024-09-30},
doi = {10.1145/3698365.3698372},
journaltitle = {{SIGENERGY} Energy Informatics Review},
number = {3},
pages = {39–45},
title = {Carbon-Aware Memory Placement},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3698365.3698372},
volume = {4},
}

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Memento NEON
Dirty Electrons: On the Carbon Intensity of Stored Energy

Robin Ohs, Henry Janson, Andreas Schmidt, Luis Gerhorst, Benedict Herzog, Timo HönigProceedings of the 2024 IEEE 15th International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)2024.
10.1109/IGSC64514.2024.00018 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Ohs:2024,
abstract = {To reduce carbon emissions, system software must accurately trace and properly attribute these emissions to applications that cause energy consumption and hardware degradation. While the carbon intensity of the grid energy is readily available from online services, it is often overlooked that computing systems do not directly and immediately consume this energy. Instead, energy coming from the grid is first transformed by power supplies ({PSUs}) and then often stored in batteries.In this work, we investigate how {PSUs} and batteries affect the carbon intensity of the energy that actually powers the computer system. We analyze the extent to which specific hardware characteristics need to be taken into account in order to accurately attribute operational and embodied emissions to applications. To do this, we propose an analytical model for the carbon intensity of stored energy, which includes power supply and charging efficiency (which inflates operational emissions) and battery degradation (which causes embodied emissions). We conclude with a look at the future of system-level management of emissions caused by stored energy.},
author = {Ohs, Robin and Janson, Henry and Schmidt, Andreas and Gerhorst, Luis and Herzog, Benedict and Hönig, Timo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 {IEEE} 15th International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference ({IGSC})},
date = {2024-11},
doi = {10.1109/IGSC64514.2024.00018},
issn = {2993-2084},
keywords = {Degradation, Energy consumption, Analytical models, Power supplies, Carbon dioxide, Hardware, Batteries, System software, Electrons, energy-aware systems, carbon-aware systems, battery models},
pages = {45–51},
shorttitle = {Dirty Electrons},
title = {Dirty Electrons: On the Carbon Intensity of Stored Energy},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10765823},
}

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Conference Memento NEON B
GreenPipe: Energy-Efficient Data-Processing Pipelines in Resource-Constrained Systems

Benedict Herzog, Jakob Schubert, Tim Rheinfels, Christian Nickel, Timo HönigProceedings of the 21st International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and NetworksAssociation for Computing Machinery2024.
[BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Herzog:2024,
accessdate = {2025-05-06},
author = {Herzog, Benedict and Schubert, Jakob and Rheinfels, Tim and Nickel, Christian and Hönig, Timo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks},
date = {2024},
entrysubtype = {Conference},
location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {EWSN '24},
title = {GreenPipe: Energy-Efficient Data-Processing Pipelines in Resource-Constrained Systems},
url = {https://www.ewsn.org/file-repository/ewsn2024/ewsn24-final133.pdf},
}

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Memento
Moses: Heap Partitioning for Semantic Data Tiering

F. Eberhardt, A. Grapentin, S. Köhler, F. Grzelka, A. PolzeProceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2024.
10.1145/3698783.3699386 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Eberhardt:2024,
author = {Eberhardt, F. and Grapentin, A. and Köhler, S. and Grzelka, F. and Polze, A.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory Systems},
date = {2024-11-03},
doi = {10.1145/3698783.3699386},
isbn = {9798400713033},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
pages = {25–32},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {DIMES '24},
title = {Moses: Heap Partitioning for Semantic Data Tiering},
venue = {Austin, TX, USA},
}

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Memento
Novel Memory Technologies for Multi-Tenant Exploratory Programming

F. Grzelka, S. Köhler, A. PolzeProceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2024.
10.1145/3698783.3699379 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Grzelka:2024,
author = {Grzelka, F. and Köhler, S. and Polze, A.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory Systems},
date = {2024-11-03},
doi = {10.1145/3698783.3699379},
isbn = {9798400713033},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
pages = {60–63},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {DIMES '24},
title = {Novel Memory Technologies for Multi-Tenant Exploratory Programming},
venue = {Austin, TX, USA},
}

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Memento NEON
Profiling with Trust: System Monitoring from Trusted Execution Environments

Christian Eichler, Jonas Röckl, Benedikt Jung, Ralph Schlenk, Tilo Müller, Timo HönigDesign Automation for Embedded Systems28.1Springer2024.
10.1007/s10617-024-09283-1 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@article{Eichler:2024,
author = {Christian Eichler and Jonas Röckl and Benedikt Jung and Ralph Schlenk and Tilo Müller and Timo Hönig},
date = {2024-02-16},
doi = {10.1007/s10617-024-09283-1},
issn = {1572-8080},
journaltitle = {Design Automation for Embedded Systems},
number = {1},
pages = {23–44},
publisher = {Springer},
pubstate = {published},
title = {Profiling with Trust: System Monitoring from Trusted Execution Environments},
volume = {28},
year = {2024},
}

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Memento NEON A
VeriFence: Lightweight and Precise Spectre Defenses for Untrusted Linux Kernel Extensions

Luis Gerhorst, Henriette Herzog, Peter Wägemann, Maximilian Ott, Rüdiger Kapitza, Timo HönigProceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and DefensesAssociation for Computing Machinery2024.
10.1145/3678890.3678907 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Gerhorst:2024,
abstract = {High-performance {IO} demands low-overhead communication between user- and kernel space. This demand can no longer be fulfilled by traditional system calls. Linux's extended Berkeley Packet Filter ({BPF}) avoids user-/kernel transitions by just-in-time compiling user-provided bytecode and executing it in kernel mode with near-native speed. To still isolate {BPF} programs from the kernel, they are statically analyzed for memory- and type-safety, which imposes some restrictions but allows for good expressiveness and high performance. However, to mitigate the Spectre vulnerabilities disclosed in 2018, defenses which reject potentially-dangerous programs had to be deployed. We find that this affects 31 \% to 54 \% of programs in a dataset with 844 real-world {BPF} programs from popular open-source projects. To solve this, users are forced to disable the defenses to continue using the programs, which puts the entire system at risk.To enable secure and expressive untrusted Linux kernel extensions, we propose {VeriFence}, an enhancement to the kernel's Spectre defenses that reduces the number of {BPF} application programs rejected from 54 \% to zero. We measure {VeriFence}'s overhead for all mainstream performance-sensitive applications of {BPF} (i.e., event tracing, profiling, and packet processing) and find that it improves significantly upon the status-quo where affected {BPF} programs are either unusable or enable transient execution attacks on the kernel.},
author = {Gerhorst, Luis and Herzog, Henriette and Wägemann, Peter and Ott, Maximilian and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Hönig, Timo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses},
date = {2024-09-30},
doi = {10.1145/3678890.3678907},
isbn = {9798400709593},
location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
pages = {644–659},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {{RAID} '24},
shorttitle = {{VeriFence}},
title = {{VeriFence}: Lightweight and Precise Spectre Defenses for Untrusted Linux Kernel Extensions},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678890.3678907},
}

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Memento NEON
carbond: An Operating-System Daemon for Carbon Awareness

Andreas Schmidt, Gregory Stock, Robin Ohs, Luis Gerhorst, Benedict Herzog, Timo HönigSIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review4.32024.
10.1145/3698365.3698374 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@article{Schmidt:2024,
abstract = {To reduce the carbon footprint of software, it is imperative that systems first become aware of their footprint. Despite various proposals to make software carbon aware via application-level development kits, we believe awareness of and adjustment to carbon-emission information is an operating-system duty—similar to how it manages time information today. In this paper, we motivate and envision carbond, a Linux-based service to mediate carbon information between hardware (including power supply) and application-level software. Following the recently established Software Carbon Intensity ({SCI}) standard, carbond deals with operational as well as embodied emissions and has different units of work (low level as {CPU} cycle up to high-level as user request) in mind. In addition to the service itself, we showcase how it can be used by application {SDKs} (libraries) as well as command-line utilities.},
author = {Schmidt, Andreas and Stock, Gregory and Ohs, Robin and Gerhorst, Luis and Herzog, Benedict and Hönig, Timo},
date = {2024-09-30},
doi = {10.1145/3698365.3698374},
journaltitle = {{SIGENERGY} Energy Informatics Review},
number = {3},
pages = {52–57},
shorttitle = {carbond},
title = {carbond: An Operating-System Daemon for Carbon Awareness},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3698365.3698374},
volume = {4},
}

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2023

Memento NEON
Carbon-Aware Memory Placement

Sven Köhler, Lukas Wenzel, Andreas Polze, Benedict Herzog, Henriette Hofmeier, Manuel Vögele, Timo Hönig2nd Workshop on Sustainable Computer Systems (HotCarbon '23)ACM2023.
10.1145/3604930.3605714 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Koehler:2023,
author = {Sven Köhler and Lukas Wenzel and Andreas Polze and Benedict Herzog and Henriette Hofmeier and Manuel Vögele and Timo Hönig},
booktitle = {2nd Workshop on Sustainable Computer Systems (HotCarbon '23)},
date = {2023-07},
doi = {10.1145/3604930.3605714},
isbn = {979-8-4007-0242-6},
location = {Boston, MA, USA},
publisher = {ACM},
pubstate = {published},
title = {Carbon-Aware Memory Placement},
}

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Poster NEON PAVE Memento
Efficient NVRAM-Based General Purpose Operating Systems

Oliver Giersch, Henriette Hofmeier, Dustin Nguyen, Jonas Rabenstein, Christian Eichler17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation2023.
Poster 10.13154/294-10272 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Giersch:2023,
author = {Giersch, Oliver and Hofmeier, Henriette and Nguyen, Dustin and Rabenstein, Jonas and Eichler, Christian},
booktitle = {17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.13154/294-10272},
entrysubtype = {Poster},
organization = {USENIX},
series = {OSDI '23 Poster Session},
title = {Efficient {NVRAM}-Based General Purpose Operating Systems},
}

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Poster Memento NEON
Memento: Energy-Aware Memory Placement in Operating Systems

Sven Köhler, Benedict Herzog, Henriette Hofmeier, Manuel Vögele, Lukas Wenzel17th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'23), Poster Session2023.
PDF Poster 10.13154/294-10271 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Koehler:2023a,
author = {Köhler, Sven and Herzog, Benedict and Hofmeier, Henriette and Vögele, Manuel and Wenzel, Lukas},
booktitle = {17th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'23), Poster Session},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.13154/294-10271},
entrysubtype = {Poster},
pages = {1–2},
title = {Memento: Energy-Aware Memory Placement in Operating Systems},
}

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NEON PAVE Memento
On energy awareness in NVRAM-based operating systems – NEON and PAVE

Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat, Timo HönigDagstuhl Seminar 22341: Power and Energy-Aware Computing on Heterogeneous Systems (PEACHES)Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik2023.
10.4230/DagRep.12.8.31 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@incollection{SchroederPreikschat:2023,
author = {Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang and Hönig, Timo},
booktitle = {Dagstuhl Seminar 22341: Power and Energy-Aware Computing on Heterogeneous Systems (PEACHES)},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.12.8.31},
editor = {Eder, Kerstin I. and Hönig, Timo and Mosse, Daniel and Plauth, Max and Kirkeby, Maja Hanne},
number = {8},
pages = {43–44},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
series = {Dagstuhl Reports},
title = {On energy awareness in {NVRAM}-based operating systems – {NEON} and {PAVE}},
volume = {12},
}

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Poster Memento
Quick-and-Dirty Memory Access Tracing with Instruction-Based Sampling

Lukas Wenzel, Sven Köhler, Henriette Hofmeier, Felix Eberhardt17th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'23), Poster Session2023.
PDF Poster 10.13154/294-10270 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Wenzel:2023,
author = {Wenzel, Lukas and Köhler, Sven and Hofmeier, Henriette and Eberhardt, Felix},
booktitle = {17th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'23), Poster Session},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.13154/294-10270},
entrysubtype = {Poster},
pages = {1–2},
title = {Quick-and-Dirty Memory Access Tracing with Instruction-Based Sampling},
}

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Memento NEON
ResourceGauge: Enabling Resource-Aware Software Components

Andreas Schmidt, Luis Gerhorst, Kai Vogelgesang, Timo HönigProceedings of the 17th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT'23)2023.
[BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Schmidt:2023a,
author = {Andreas Schmidt and Luis Gerhorst and Kai Vogelgesang and Timo Hönig},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT'23)},
date = {2023},
location = {Vienna, Austria},
pages = {11–17},
pubstate = {published},
title = {ResourceGauge: Enabling Resource-Aware Software Components},
url = {https://www.ecrts.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/ospert23-proceedings.pdf#page=12},
}

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Memento NEON
carbond: An Operating-System Daemon for Carbon Awareness

Andreas Schmidt, Gregory Stock, Robin Ohs, Luis Gerhorst, Benedict Herzog, Timo Hönig2nd Workshop on Sustainable Computer Systems (HotCarbon '23)ACM2023.
10.1145/3604930.3605707 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Schmidt:2023,
author = {Andreas Schmidt and Gregory Stock and Robin Ohs and Luis Gerhorst and Benedict Herzog and Timo Hönig},
booktitle = {2nd Workshop on Sustainable Computer Systems (HotCarbon '23)},
date = {2023-07},
doi = {10.1145/3604930.3605707},
isbn = {979-8-4007-0242-6},
location = {Boston, MA, USA},
publisher = {ACM},
pubstate = {published},
title = {carbond: An Operating-System Daemon for Carbon Awareness},
}

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