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PAVE Publications

2025

Workshop PAVE Best Paper Award
Honey, I Shrunk the Guests: Page Access Tracking using a Minimal Virtualisation Layer

Dustin Tien Nguyen, Sebastian Rußer, Maximilian Ott, Rüdiger Kapitza, Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat, Jörg NolteProceedings of the 4th Workshop on Heterogeneous Composable and Disaggregated SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2025Best Paper Award.
10.1145/3723851.3723852 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Nguyen:2025,
abstract = {Advances in memory-intensive areas such as machine learning and graph processing drive demand for suited memory technologies. Part of the answer lies in multi-memory architectures with fast and high-capacity memory tiers. Heterogeneous systems can be very diverse, ranging from {NUMA} to persistent memory and {CXL}-attached memory. Efficient usage requires support from the operating system ({OS}) with knowledge of memory performance characteristics and detailed insight into the page access behaviour of processes. Gathering statistics on the read/write-ratio of accesses and (huge) page utilisation is expensive with common methods.In this paper, we propose vmmload, a minimal virtualisation layer to monitor user space programs using a virtualisation-based page modification log ({PML}) for efficiently gathering runtime statistics. While {PML} is a hardware extension that was originally designed to track virtual machine memory access, vmmload enables observation of individual processes. vmmload monitored user space processes run with {PML}-enabled virtualisation, but are still able to interface with the host {OS}. We explore the viability of using {PML} without a conventional virtual machine and providing the host {OS} with the ability to use these extensions directly.},
author = {Nguyen, Dustin Tien and Rußer, Sebastian and Ott, Maximilian and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang and Nolte, Jörg},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Heterogeneous Composable and Disaggregated Systems},
date = {2025-04-19},
doi = {10.1145/3723851.3723852},
entrysubtype = {Workshop},
isbn = {9798400714702},
location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
pages = {1–7},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {{HCDS} '25},
shorttitle = {Honey, I Shrunk the Guests},
title = {Honey, I Shrunk the Guests: Page Access Tracking using a Minimal Virtualisation Layer},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3723851.3723852},
venue = {Rotterdam, Netherlands},
}

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Conference NEON PAVE
Practical Whole-System Persistence

Dustin Tien Nguyen, Oliver Giersch, Thomas Preisner, Jonathan Krebs, Henriette Herzog, Timo Hönig, Rüdiger Kapitza, Jörg Nolte, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatProceedings of the 18th ACM International Systems and Storage ConferenceAssociation for Computing Machinery2025.
Raw Data 10.1145/3757347.3759142 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Nguyen:2025a,
abstract = {Sudden power outages remain one of the biggest threats to losing data, disrupting systems and causing financial damages. Whole system persistence (WSP) has previously been proposed as a solution to mitigate such threats through the use of non-volatile main memory (NVRAM). However, it missed out on external device state persistence and the NVRAM technology used at the time was expensive and limited with regard to their scalability. Today's NVRAM technologies are both more affordable and offer much higher storage capacities, but are typically slower than DRAM.In this paper, we show how WSP can be attained for general-purpose operating systems using modern hardware. Unlike previous attempts at realising WSP, we discuss and evaluate practical solutions that allow us to also include external devices in our considerations for practical system-wide persistence (pWSP). Despite having the OS and all applications running in slower memory, we are able to show, that specific applications that otherwise have to rely on userspace persistence mechanisms, can achieve up to 2\\texttimes\{\} better throughput and up to 1.5\\texttimes\{\} reduced latency, as well as significantly lower latency variance in general. We further demonstrate, that power outage-related service downtime can be reduced from potentially hours down to just minutes, allowing even network connections to continue seamlessly in many cases.},
author = {Nguyen, Dustin Tien and Giersch, Oliver and Preisner, Thomas and Krebs, Jonathan and Herzog, Henriette and Hönig, Timo and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Nolte, Jörg and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {ACM} International Systems and Storage Conference},
date = {2025},
doi = {10.1145/3757347.3759142},
entrysubtype = {Conference},
isbn = {9798400721199},
keywords = {Operating System, Persistent Memory, Power failure},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
numpages = {15},
pages = {174–188},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {SYSTOR '25},
title = {Practical Whole-System Persistence},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3757347.3759142},
venue = {Virtual, Israel},
}

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NEON PAVE
Suspend-to-NVRAM: Providing a Responsive Zero-Power Mode as an Integrated Operating-System Feature

Dustin Tien Nguyen, Oliver Giersch, Henriette Herzog, Thomas Preisner, Timo Hönig, Rüdiger Kapitza, Jörg Nolte, Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat2025.
Raw Data 10.25593/open-fau-1574 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@report{Nguyen:2025b,
author = {Nguyen, Dustin Tien and Giersch, Oliver and Herzog, Henriette and Preisner, Thomas and Hönig, Timo and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Nolte, Jörg and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang},
date = {2025},
doi = {10.25593/open-fau-1574},
institution = {Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Informatik},
number = {CS-2025-01},
title = {Suspend-to-{NVRAM}: Providing a Responsive Zero-Power Mode as an Integrated Operating-System Feature},
}

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NEON PAVE
Towards Static Analysis of Interrupt Blocking Time in Operating System Kernels

Thomas Preisner, Dustin T. Nguyen, Jonathan Krebs, Rüdiger Kapitza, Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat2025Presented at 2nd Workshop on Hot Topics in System Infrastructure (HotInfra 2024).
10.25593/open-fau-1544 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@report{Preisner:2025a,
author = {Preisner, Thomas and Nguyen, Dustin T. and Krebs, Jonathan and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang},
date = {2025},
doi = {10.25593/open-fau-1544},
institution = {Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Informatik},
note = {Presented at 2nd Workshop on Hot Topics in System Infrastructure (HotInfra 2024)},
number = {CS-2025-01},
title = {Towards Static Analysis of Interrupt Blocking Time in Operating System Kernels},
}

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Memento PAVE NEON
Where are the Joules? Energy Demand Analysis of Heterogeneous Memory Technologies

Thomas Preisner, Dustin Tien Nguyen, Manuel Vögele, Matthias Szymanski, Timo Hönig, Rüdiger Kapitza, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatProceedings of the 4th Workshop on Heterogeneous Composable and Disaggregated SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2025.
10.1145/3723851.3723857 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Preisner:2025,
abstract = {New heterogeneous memory architectures are emerging with the increasing availability of different memory technologies. The growing number of byte-addressable memory technologies (e.g., {NVRAM} and {CXL}) make the selection of components for concrete systems increasingly difficult, as each memory technology has specific advantages and disadvantages. Currently, decisions are made based on a variety of performance measurements and recommendations with respective implementation guidelines. However, traditional performance metrics often overlook the unique energy-demand dynamics of each specific memory technology, especially with diverse memory access patterns and workloads.This paper highlights the importance of memory utilization with different technologies and their environmental impact (i.e., energy demand). To this end, we present {meBench} – a benchmark generator that systematically quantifies the (non-uniform) energy demand of different memory types. We reveal the relevance of the generated results by contrasting them with the assumptions made in previous research on carbon-aware memory allocation.},
author = {Preisner, Thomas and Nguyen, Dustin Tien and Vögele, Manuel and Szymanski, Matthias and Hönig, Timo and Kapitza, Rüdiger and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Heterogeneous Composable and Disaggregated Systems},
date = {2025-04-19},
doi = {10.1145/3723851.3723857},
isbn = {9798400714702},
location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
pages = {60–66},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {{HCDS} '25},
shorttitle = {Where are the Joules?},
title = {Where are the Joules? Energy Demand Analysis of Heterogeneous Memory Technologies},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3723851.3723857},
venue = {Rotterdam, Netherlands},
}

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2024

PAVE
Virtual Memory Revisited for Tiered Memory

Oliver Giersch, Dustin Nguyen, Jörg Nolte, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatProceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2024.
10.1145/3678015.3680475 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Giersch:2024,
abstract = {The landscape of memory technologies has grown substantially more diverse and heterogeneous, with a number of special-purpose memory technologies reaching market maturity in recent years, such as NVRAM (Non-Volatile Memory), HBM (High-Bandwidth Memory) or the upcoming CXL.mem. Future computing systems will have to contend with byte-addressable and cache-coherent main memory that is highly diverse, either in terms of the fundamental performance characteristics of its underlying memory technology, or due to the fact that CXL.mem will allow accessing homogenous but remote memory. The VM (Virtual Memory) subsystems of today have been empirically optimized over decades, but were designed for a single tier of main memory only. While recent approaches that integrated tiered memory have focused on better memory access metrics to improve page placement strategies, we seek to leverage the proven heuristics that are already in place. In times of high load we assign pages from slower memory, demote inactive pages according to standard page replacement strategies and use lazy page promotions when sufficient resources are available again to retain the inherently high reactivity of demand paging with regard to working set changes. We integrate these mechanisms into the VM subsystem of a full-featured mainstream operating system (FreeBSD) with minimal adaptations. The resulting multi-tier VM system runs in a stable and efficient manner under high stress even with highly unfavorable work loads.},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Giersch, Oliver and Nguyen, Dustin and Nolte, Jörg and Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems},
date = {2024},
doi = {10.1145/3678015.3680475},
isbn = {9798400711053},
keywords = {Operating Systems, Resource disaggregation},
location = {Kyoto, Japan},
numpages = {7},
pages = {1–7},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
series = {APSys ’24},
title = {Virtual Memory Revisited for Tiered Memory},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3678015.3680475},
}

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2023

NEON PAVE
Back to the Core-Memory Age: Running Operating Systems in NVRAM only

Jonas Rabenstein, Dustin Nguyen, Oliver Giersch, Christian Eichler, Timo Hönig, Jörg Nolte, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatProceedings of the 36th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS'23)2023.
10.1007/978-3-031-42785-5_11 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Rabenstein:2023a,
author = {Jonas Rabenstein and Dustin Nguyen and Oliver Giersch and Christian Eichler and Timo Hönig and Jörg Nolte and Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS'23)},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-42785-5_11},
location = {Athens, Greece},
pages = {153–167},
pubstate = {published},
title = {Back to the Core-Memory Age: Running Operating Systems in NVRAM only},
}

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Poster NEON PAVE Memento
Efficient NVRAM-Based General Purpose Operating Systems

Oliver Giersch, Henriette Hofmeier, Dustin Nguyen, Jonas Rabenstein, Christian Eichler17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation2023.
Poster 10.13154/294-10272 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Giersch:2023,
author = {Giersch, Oliver and Hofmeier, Henriette and Nguyen, Dustin and Rabenstein, Jonas and Eichler, Christian},
booktitle = {17th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.13154/294-10272},
entrysubtype = {Poster},
organization = {USENIX},
series = {OSDI '23 Poster Session},
title = {Efficient {NVRAM}-Based General Purpose Operating Systems},
}

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PAVE
NVall: A Crash-Resistant and Kernel-Compatible Memory Allocator for NVRAM

Dustin Nguyen, Ole Wiedemann, Jörg Nolte, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatTagungsband des FG-BS Herbsttreffens 2023Gesellschaft für Informatik2023.
10.18420/fgbs2023h-02 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Nguyen:2023,
author = {Dustin Nguyen and Ole Wiedemann and Jörg Nolte and Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat},
booktitle = {Tagungsband des FG-BS Herbsttreffens 2023},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.18420/fgbs2023h-02},
editor = {Michael Engel},
eventdate = {2023-09-28/2023-09-29},
publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik},
pubstate = {published},
series = {GI Digitale Bibliothek},
title = {NVall: A Crash-Resistant and Kernel-Compatible Memory Allocator for NVRAM},
venue = {Bamberg, Germany},
}

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NEON PAVE Memento
On energy awareness in NVRAM-based operating systems – NEON and PAVE

Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat, Timo HönigDagstuhl Seminar 22341: Power and Energy-Aware Computing on Heterogeneous Systems (PEACHES)Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik2023.
10.4230/DagRep.12.8.31 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@incollection{SchroederPreikschat:2023,
author = {Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang and Hönig, Timo},
booktitle = {Dagstuhl Seminar 22341: Power and Energy-Aware Computing on Heterogeneous Systems (PEACHES)},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.4230/DagRep.12.8.31},
editor = {Eder, Kerstin I. and Hönig, Timo and Mosse, Daniel and Plauth, Max and Kirkeby, Maja Hanne},
number = {8},
pages = {43–44},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
series = {Dagstuhl Reports},
title = {On energy awareness in {NVRAM}-based operating systems – {NEON} and {PAVE}},
volume = {12},
}

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NEON PAVE
On the Performance of NVRAM-based Operating Systems: A Case Study with Linux and FreeBSD

Jonas Rabenstein, Dustin Nguyen, Oliver Giersch, Christian Eichler, Timo Hönig, Jörg Nolte, Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat2023.
10.25593/issn.2191-5008/CS-2023-01 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@report{Rabenstein:2023,
author = {Jonas Rabenstein and Dustin Nguyen and Oliver Giersch and Christian Eichler and Timo Hönig and Jörg Nolte and Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat},
date = {2023},
doi = {10.25593/issn.2191-5008/CS-2023-01},
institution = {Department Informatik},
keywords = {NEON, PAVE},
number = {CS-2023-01},
pubstate = {published},
series = {Technical reports / Department Informatik},
title = {On the Performance of NVRAM-based Operating Systems: A Case Study with Linux and FreeBSD},
}

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NEON PAVE C
Towards Just-In-Time Compiling of Operating Systems

Maximilian Ott, Phillip Raffeck, Volkmar Sieh, Wolfgang Schröder-PreikschatProceedings of the 12th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating SystemsAssociation for Computing Machinery2023.
10.1145/3623759.3624551 [BibTex]

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BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{Ott:2023,
author = {Maximilian Ott and Phillip Raffeck and Volkmar Sieh and Wolfgang Schröder-Preikschat},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems},
date = {2023-10-23},
doi = {10.1145/3623759.3624551},
isbn = {9798400704048},
keywords = {NEON},
location = {New York, NY, USA},
pages = {41-48},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
pubstate = {published},
series = {PLOS '23},
title = {Towards Just-In-Time Compiling of Operating Systems},
year = {2023},
}

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